For the study, researchers from Liverpool John Moores University in England analyzed the results of 26 prior studies that included some 21,500 people with a range of physical and mental disabilities from seven countries — Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, United States and South Africa.

The meta-analysis, which pools the results of prior research, found that disabled adults are 1.5 times more likely to be a violence victim than those without a disability, while adults with mental illness are nearly four times more likely to be victimized. About 3 percent of people with physical, mental, emotional or other health problems that restrict activities experienced violence within the past 12 months, the investigators found.

About 6 percent of people with intellectual disabilities were victimized in the past year, while one-quarter of people with mental illnesses were, the researchers said. “Lifetime exposure to violence, and the proportions of individuals with disability who are directly threatened with violence or otherwise live in fear of becoming a victim, are likely to be substantially higher than our estimate,” study lead author Mark Bellis said in a university news release.

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“Those with acne who were on tetracyclines were about two to four times more likely to report a bout of upper respiratory tract infection or pharyngitis or sore throat . . . [but] I can’t tell you why we’re finding what we’re finding,” said study lead author Dr. David Margolis, a professor of dermatology and epidemiology at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. Previous studies have also found that people taking antibiotic pills for acne had a higher incidence of sore throats.

These authors surmised that antibiotic use would decrease the number of Streptococcus salivarius, bacteria that are known to keep colonization of group A streptococcus bacteria in the throat in check. Although only 10 percent of pharyngitis cases are caused by bacteria, 90 percent of those are due to group A strep, which can cause strep throat.

Fewer S. salivarius would lead to more group A strep and therefore more sore throats, the researchers hypothesized. This paper consisted of two studies, the first assessing 145 university students for acne, antibiotic use and self-reported cases of sore throat. The authors looked only at the family of antibiotics known as tetracyclines, which includes tetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline.

Here, students taking antibiotics for acne had more than triple the risk of sore throats in the past month when compared to students not taking one of the tetracyclines. In the second phase of the study, which followed 576 students over the course of a school year, those taking oral antibiotics for acne had more than quadruple the risk of sore throat than those not taking such drugs.

There was no association between topical antibiotic use (skin creams) and sore throat. Nor was there any association between group A strep colonization and pharyngitis. But it’s difficult to draw a firm line between antibiotic use and more sore throats, said experts.

For one thing, the occurrence of sore throats was based only on students’ recollections, said Dr. Deborah Sarnoff, an attending dermatologist at North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System in Greenvale, N.Y., and a clinical professor of dermatology at NYU Langone School of Medicine in New York City. College kids also have other risk factors for sore throats.

“They smoke, sometimes cigarettes, sometimes other things,” Sarnoff said. “They scream at football games. They overuse their voices. They’re in crowded conditions. They date. They kiss,” she added. “College-aged students oftentimes have a lot of sore throats because they’re in a new environment. This is when they get exposed to mononucleosis and they’re trying smoking,” noted Dr. Monica Okun, an ear, nose and throat specialist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City.

Plaque psoriasis is a common hereditary, immune-mediated systemic disorder characterized by skin lesions, called plaques, which can be painful.

In one study, 81 percent of patients receiving 150mg of AIN457 (secukinumab) subcutaneously once a month experienced at least a 75 percent improvement of psoriasis signs and symptoms.

“We are encouraged by these positive Phase II results and look forward to receiving the results of larger-scale and longer-term Phase III studies with AIN457 which began this year,” said John Hohneker, global head of development for integrated hospital care at Novartis.

For the study, researchers tracked more than 3,100 premenopausal women over 10 years. Those who exercised the most — about eight to 10 hours a week — were 17 percent more likely to start menopause during the study than their sedentary peers. Similarly, women who ate the most polyunsaturated fats — found in many fish and vegetable oils — were 15 percent more likely to reach menopause than those who got the least.

During menopause, a woman’s ovaries stop producing eggs and she can no longer get pregnant. According to Dr. Margery Gass, who directs the North American Menopause Society, menopause usually begins between ages 41 and 55. In the new study, published in the journal Menopause, Dr. Chisato Nagata of Gifu University and colleagues gave food and activity questionnaires to women aged 35 to 56 at baseline.

Over the next decade, nearly 1,800 women went through menopause. Although it’s unclear how old they were when that happened, the findings suggest very active women and those getting lots of polyunsaturated fats have a higher chance of reaching menopause early.

Doing so means women have less exposure to high estrogen levels, said Dr. JoAnn E. Manson, president of the North American Menopause Society. The hormone promotes breast tumors, and that may explain why early menopause is tied to a lower risk of breast cancer.On the other hand, Manson told Reuters Health, early menopause has also been linked to increased risks of heart disease and bone thinning. “I wouldn’t want women to be concerned that they would be at higher risk of cardiovascular disease or osteoporosis if they make lifestyle modifications,” she cautioned. “The benefits far outweigh any risks.”

Manson noted the study doesn’t prove cause and effect, and factors other than diet and exercise could play into the timing of menopause. Other studies on menopause have been contradictory. For example, high levels of physical activity — usually five or more hours of exercise per week — have been tied to early menopause. But they’ve also has been linked to irregular menstrual cycles, which could lead to later menopause.

Even in this latest study, researchers called the relation between exercise and the timing of menopause “small or null.” Total fat as well as saturated fat, which comes largely from animals, didn’t have any effect on the timing of menopause, the Japanese researchers note.

Manson, also at Harvard Medical School in Boston, said physical activity lowers estrogen levels, and that may be why it’s linked to early onset of menopause. “The take home message from this study is regular physical activity and regular heart-healthy patterns are advisable for reducing the risk for several hormone-related cancers and osteoporosis,” she says. “It’s a modest effect, but it matters.”

But more and more makeup makes you look dull as skin start losing its natural glow resulted in aging skin, fine lines, wrinkles. Mineral makeup is an option to overcome this problem. It came into existence during 1970s, since then it has become an essential for those applying makeup regularly. In mineral makeup products the ingredients used are harvested naturally from the earth rather than chemicals, alcohols, dyes and other preservatives.

The traditional makeup products often contains the preservatives, perfumes, oils and chemicals which can easily damage the skin, that’s why mineral products of makeup are gaining more popularity in cosmetic industry. There are different type of mineral makeup products are there in the market so before you one for you give it a proper research, only then try it on your skin so that you need not to face any irritation or any other bad effect.

First of all you should be aware about the ingredients of mineral product so that while buying any mineral cosmetic product you may consider them. The most common ingredients used in mineral products are Titanium dioxide which acts as a natural sunscreen and blocks the UV rays, Zinc oxide that inhabits skin inflammation, Mica provides a natural texture and glow to the skin, pure pigments which gives makeup a natural tone and color, Kaolin Clay that has good oil absorbing properties, Bismuth Oxychloride which contains bismuth and salt. Bismuth Oxychloride is used for face powders, foundations, lipsticks and mascara.

Applying mineral makeup just require a little attention. It is actually very easy. Just a few tips will help you do so. Sometimes the companies whose mineral products you buy, comes up with DVDs with your purchase which gives you the basic tips. First of all you need to prepare your skin for makeup by Cleansing, toning, and moisturizing which should be a regular beauty routine. Then a concealer one or two shade lighter than your foundation creates highlights. Then apply the correct foundation that smooth and gives a finishing touch to your skin, put a few shade of foundation on the side of your face (not on cheeks) and check it in natural light, if it looks invisible then it is the right color for your skin tone. Always blend everything with a brush and then lock your makeup with a loose powder.

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Neurosurgery Procedure
Neurosurgery methods are used in modern neurosurgical diagnosis and treatment. Computer assisted imaging computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetoencephalography (MEG) and the development of stereotactic surgery. Some neurosurgical procedures involve the use of MRI and functional MRI intraoperatively.

Microsurgery is utilized in many aspects of Neurosurgery. Microvascular anastomosis is required when EC-IC surgery is performed. The clipping of aneurysms is performed using a microscope. Minimally invasive spine surgery utilizes relies on these techniques. Procedures such as Microdisectomy, laminectomy, and artificial discs rely on microsurgery.

Minimally invasive endoscopic surgery is utilized by neurosurgeons. Techniques such as endoscopic endonasal surgery are used for pituitary tumors, craniopharyngiomas, chordomas, and the repair of cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Endoscopic techniques can be used to assist in the evaculation of hematomas and trigeminal neuralgia. Conditions such as chiari malformation, craniosynostosis, and syringomyelia are treated. This is called Cranioplasty.

Neurosurgery is the medical specialty concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of disorders that affect the entire nervous system including the brain, spinal column, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and extra-cranial cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery is a branch of the surgery discipline which focuses on the brain and spinal cord. It is an extremely advanced form of surgery, requiring many years of training, and a high level of precision and experience on the part of the surgeon.

Neurosurgery in India
Of late, India has embarked as the most preferred destination for Neurosurgery procedures. Every year we see thousands of international patients coming down to India from various parts of the world. The benefits of Neurosurgery in India include a high quality medical treatment carried out by world class Neurosurgeons. Moreover, low cost Neurosurgery in India which comes with quality becomes the prime reason for the foreign medical tourists to fly thousands of miles. However, the quality conforms the same as evident in the modern hospitals of US or UK. India is cheaper along with zero patient wait lists. And besides, they can also explore many world heritage places in India. All these add up as benefits of Neurosurgery in India for any foreign patient.

Close to 30 million Americans visit indoor tanning salons each year despite the well-publicized risks of skin cancer associated with this practice. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is now considering a ban on indoor tanning for people under age 18 and the American Academy of Pediatrics is on record that it supports this legislation. The new findings, released online in advance of publication in an upcoming print issue of the journal Addiction Biology, suggest that indoor tanning taps into the brain’s “reward center.”

“We saw brain changes that are consistent with that of other things that are considered rewarding such as money, food or drugs,” explained study author Dr. Bryon Adinoff, a professor of psychiatry at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. “The same areas of the brain lit up, and we know that if something is rewarding to the brain, there is the potential for addiction.”

The new study involved seven frequent tanners who said they had used tanning beds an average of about 27 of the previous 90 days. The researchers had each participant use a tanning bed for 10-minute sessions under two conditions: in one session, the tanner was exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, while in the other session special filters blocked such exposure. Volunteers did not know if the tanning session involved UV radiation or not.

Participants were asked before and after each session how much they felt like tanning. They also received an intravenous compound that allowed the researchers to measure brain blood flow during their tanning sessions. The result: Indoor tanning sessions that involved UV radiation triggered activation of the brain’s dorsal striatum region and the medial orbitofrontal cortex, each of which plays a role in reward and reinforcement. Sessions where UV radiation was blocked showed less of this type of brain activation, the team found.

The findings make sense to Dr. Heidi Waldorf, an associate clinical professor of dermatology at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City. “Like other addicts, ‘tanorexics’ continue to tan indoors and out despite clear warnings of the dangers,” she said. “In my practice, I’ve seen women continue to tan after skin cancer surgery and after spending thousands of dollars on cosmetic procedures to rejuvenate their photodamaged skin.” But John Overstreet, the executive director of the Indoor Tanning Association, a Washington, D.C.-based trade group representing the indoor tanning industry, said that UV light is essential for survival.

“Some people overdo things, but that doesn’t mean they are addicted,” he said. “Moderation is the key, whether your UV exposure is from a tanning bed or sun.”